Urine samples are simple to collect, process and store.
ĭetection of mycobacterial antigens in urine as a diagnostic test has several potential advantages compared with all currently used diagnostics. In fact, WHO has formally rejected the use of such current tests for humans. So far none of these methods have proven specific or sensitive enough to be of any diagnostic value. There have been many attempts to use determination of specific antibody titers (different ELISA, EIA formats) to diagnose TB both in man and animals. immunologically active components of Mtb) in the infected host (urine, blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid or homogenates from biopsies) or nucleic acids, or possibly Mtb specific antibodies. Basically such a method could aim for detecting either mycobacteria specific antigens ( i. Methods that directly/ indirectly measure the presence of tubercle bacilliĪ rapid field adapted method that directly or indirectly measures the presence of live tubercle bacilli in a given host at the sampling time would be the best diagnostic tool for TB control programs. Although it is often described as a simple technology, microscopy requires a high level of training and diligence and is labor intensive. It only detects about half of pulmonary TB patients and is particularly ineffective for diagnosis of TB in young children, in patients co-infected with HIV, and in patients with extra-pulmonary TB. In low income countries the most commonly used diagnostic test still is direct sputum smear microscopy, a technique that was developed in the 1880s and since then remains largely unchanged. Despite the enormous global burden of TB, present tests for diagnosis of active TB have severe limitations, and none are of the most urgently needed point-of-care (PoC) type. Therefore, effective control of TB requires disruption of transmission chains, which in turn requires early and accurate detection/diagnosis paired with appropriate treatment.
WHO reports that, if left untreated, each person with active tuberculosis (TB) infects between 10 to 15 new individuals annually. The remaining authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and material. SS was cofounder of TBDiadirect and also inventor together with Beston Hamasur. BH is one of the inventors of a Swedish patent application (1450908-7) filed on these findings, which is owned by TBDiadirect AB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: BH and GK are co-founders of TBDiadirect AB, a start-up company aiming at developing the Uri-TB-direct test. The production of mAbs against LAM was partially funded by Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: The study was in the early stage supported by grants from the European Community, the Swedish Medical Research Council, King Oscar II Jubilee Foundation, the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation and funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n✢21948, ICONZ (Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses). Received: DecemAccepted: MaPublished: April 23, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Hamasur et al. PLoS ONE 10(4):Īcademic Editor: Jérôme Nigou, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université de Toulouse, FRANCE Citation: Hamasur B, Bruchfeld J, van Helden P, Källenius G, Svenson S (2015) A Sensitive Urinary Lipoarabinomannan Test for Tuberculosis.
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